How to Convert Strings to Integers in Python

When a number comes from user input, a file, an environment variable, or an API response, Python often receives it as a string. Before you can use that value in arithmetic, comparisons, or range checks, you need to convert it to an integer.

This article explains how to convert Python strings to integers with the built-in int() function and how to handle the most common conversion errors.

Python int() Function #

The built-in int() function returns an integer from a number or a string. It takes the following form:

int(x, base=10)

The function accepts two arguments:

• x - The string or number to convert to an integer.
• base - The numeral system used by the string. The value can be 0 or any integer from 2 to 36. If you omit it, Python uses base 10.

Most integer strings use decimal notation, but int() can also parse binary, octal, and hexadecimal strings when you pass the correct base.

If the string cannot be converted to an integer, Python raises a ValueError exception.

Convert a String to an Integer #

In Python, strings are text values declared with single quotes, double quotes, or triple quotes. A value that looks like a number is still a string when it is wrapped in quotes:

days = "23"
type(days)

The type() function shows that days is a string:

<class 'str'>

If you try to add that string to an integer, Python raises a TypeError because the two values have different types:

print(days + 5)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

Pass the string to int() to convert it:

days = "23"
days_int = int(days)
type(days_int)

<class 'int'>

The converted value can now be used in arithmetic:

print(days_int + 5)

28

Convert Strings with Spaces or Signs #

The int() function ignores leading and trailing whitespace:

int("  42  ")

42

It also accepts leading plus and minus signs:

int("-15")

-15

int("+15")

15

Remove Thousands Separators #

If the number includes commas or other separators, remove them before passing the string to int():

total = "1,000,000"
int(total.replace(",", ""))

1000000

Use this pattern only when you know the separator format. For user-facing data from different locales, validate the input before converting it.

Convert Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Strings #

When converting strings from another numeral system, pass the correct base.

For example, the hexadecimal value D5CF is 54735 in decimal:

int("D5CF", 16)

54735

Binary and octal strings work the same way:

int("1010", 2)

10

int("755", 8)

493

If the string includes a base prefix such as 0b, 0o, or 0x, use base=0 and Python will detect the base automatically:

int("0xff", 0)

255

If you pass a hexadecimal string without setting the base, Python tries to parse it as decimal and raises ValueError:

int("D5CF")

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'D5CF'

Handle Invalid Input #

Use try and except when the string may not contain a valid integer:

value = "abc"

try:
    number = int(value)
except ValueError:
    number = 0

print(number)

0

This pattern is useful when reading values from forms, files, command-line arguments, or environment variables.

Decimal strings such as "10.5" are not valid integer strings:

int("10.5")

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '10.5'

If you need to handle a decimal number, convert it to float first and then to int. Be aware that int() truncates the decimal part:

int(float("10.5"))

10

Conclusion #

Use int() to convert a string that contains a whole number into a Python integer. For values that come from outside your code, validate the input and catch ValueError so your program can handle bad data cleanly.

About the authors

Dejan Panovski

Dejan Panovski is the founder of Linuxize, an RHCSA-certified Linux system administrator and DevOps engineer based in Skopje, Macedonia. Author of 800+ Linux tutorials with 20+ years of experience turning complex Linux tasks into clear, reliable guides.

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