Practical Linux Tutorials and Command-Line Guides

Search hundreds of step-by-step tutorials for Bash, Ubuntu, networking, security, and more.

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Apr 25, 2026 • 14 min read

chmod Command in Linux: Change File and Directory Permissions

The chmod command changes file and directory permissions in Linux. This guide covers what chmod 755, 644, 700, and 600 mean, how to use symbolic and numeric modes, and how to apply permissions recursively.

Apr 19, 2026 • 5 min read

apt Command in Linux

The apt command manages packages on Ubuntu, Debian, and related distributions. This guide covers the essential commands for installing, upgrading, removing, and searching packages.

Jun 29, 2026 • 7 min read

How to Use Nano, the Linux Command Line Text Editor

Learn the essential nano commands and keyboard shortcuts: open, save, and exit files, search and replace text, copy and paste, and use sudo nano to edit system files.

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A quick weekly roundup of new tutorials, news, and tips.

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Jul 8, 2026 • 4 min read • series

How to Concatenate Strings in Bash

Concatenate strings in Bash by placing variables side by side, appending with the += operator, or formatting with printf -v. Includes examples for variables, literals, and command output.

Jul 8, 2026 • 7 min read • new

smartctl Command in Linux: Check Disk Health with SMART

Use smartctl in Linux to check SMART health, read disk attributes, run self-tests, troubleshoot USB enclosures, and monitor NVMe wear.

Checking disk SMART health with smartctl in a Linux terminal

Jul 8, 2026 • 10 min read

find Command in Linux: Search Files and Directories

The find command searches for files and directories by name, type, size, date, permissions, and more. This guide covers practical examples including wildcards, exec actions, and combining find with grep.

Using the find command to search for files and directories in Linux

Jul 7, 2026 • 6 min read • new

What Is Load Average in Linux: 1, 5, and 15 Minute Averages

Load average explained for Linux: what the three numbers from uptime and top mean, how they relate to CPU cores, and how to tell a busy system from an overloaded one.

Reading the 1, 5, and 15 minute load averages on a Linux system

Jul 6, 2026 • 8 min read

How to Extract (Unzip) tar.gz Files in Linux

Extract tar.gz and tgz archives with the tar command. Covers extracting to a directory, pulling specific files, wildcards, stdin piping, and listing archive contents.

Extracting tar.gz files in Linux with the tar command

Jul 6, 2026 • 6 min read • new

How to Install Claude Code on Ubuntu and Linux

Install Claude Code on Ubuntu, Debian, and other Linux distributions using the recommended native installer, official package-manager repositories, or npm.

Installing the Claude Code AI coding assistant in a Linux terminal on Ubuntu

Jul 6, 2026 • 5 min read

How to Create a Directory in Linux: mkdir Command Examples

Create single, multiple, and nested directories in Linux with mkdir, set permissions with -m, and fix 'Permission denied' and 'No such file or directory' errors.

Creating directories in Linux with the mkdir command

Jul 5, 2026 • 9 min read • new

ffmpeg Command in Linux: Convert, Compress, and Extract Media

Practical ffmpeg examples for converting between formats, compressing video with CRF, extracting audio, trimming clips, resizing video, and batch processing files on Linux.

Converting and compressing video files in a Linux terminal with the ffmpeg command

Jul 5, 2026 • 9 min read • series

Bash if...else Statement

A complete guide to Bash if, if...else, and if...elif...else statements with practical examples, test operators, and one-line syntax.

Jul 4, 2026 • 5 min read • new

Fix npm E401: Unable to Authenticate

Resolve the npm E401 'Unable to authenticate' error by fixing stale tokens, registry mismatches, and broken .npmrc auth settings for public and private registries.