Practical Linux Tutorials and Command-Line Guides

Search hundreds of step-by-step tutorials for Bash, Ubuntu, networking, security, and more.

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Mar 11, 2026 • 8 min read

Using the SSH Config File

Set up the SSH client config file to manage multiple remote connections with custom hostnames, users, ports, keys, and jump hosts — all without long command-line flags.

Aug 4, 2026 • 7 min read

Linux Folder Size: How to Check File and Directory Sizes

Check folder and file sizes in Linux with du. Compare directory totals, rank subdirectories, exclude paths, and check free space with df.

Apr 19, 2026 • 6 min read

Bash Heredoc: Complete Guide with Examples

Bash heredoc lets you pass multi-line text directly to a command inside a shell script. This guide covers syntax, variable expansion, indentation with <<-, SSH usage, and common mistakes.

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Sep 1, 2026 • 10 min read

PHP Error Reporting: Enable, Display, and Log Errors

Step-by-step instructions for configuring PHP error reporting. Covers error levels, display_errors, error_log, php.ini settings, and runtime configuration with error_reporting().

Configuring PHP error reporting to display and log errors

Sep 1, 2026 • 12 min read

dnf Command in Linux: Install, Update, and Manage Packages

Common dnf commands for installing, updating, removing, searching, and managing packages on Fedora, RHEL, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, and other RPM-based systems.

dnf command package management reference

Sep 1, 2026 • 9 min read

How to List Installed Packages on Debian with apt and dpkg

See what is installed on Debian, which packages you chose yourself, which use the most disk space, and when each one arrived, using apt and dpkg-query.

List Installed Packages with apt and dpkg on Debian

Aug 31, 2026 • 10 min read • new

What Is .bashrc? When It Runs and What to Put in It

~/.bashrc controls aliases, functions, prompts, and other interactive Bash settings. See when it runs, what belongs inside it, and how to reload changes.

A .bashrc configuration file loading settings into an interactive Bash shell

Aug 31, 2026 • 5 min read

How to Create a tar.gz File in Linux

Create tar.gz and tgz files in Linux with the tar command. Covers directories, wildcards, exclusions, archive paths, and the -C option.

Creating a tar.gz archive file in Linux using the tar command

Aug 31, 2026 • 13 min read

Best Linux Distros for Every Use Case in 2026

Compare the best Linux distros for beginners, gaming, servers, and security testing, with current versions and a straight answer on which one to install first.

Linux desktop environments and terminal panels arranged around a modern workstation

Aug 30, 2026 • 7 min read • series

How to Create Bash Aliases

Bash aliases let you shorten long commands into short, memorable shortcuts. This guide covers alias syntax, persistent aliases in .bashrc, and bash functions for shortcuts that take arguments.

Aug 30, 2026 • 9 min read

wc Command in Linux: Count Lines, Words, and Bytes

The wc command counts lines, words, characters, and bytes in files or standard input. This guide covers common options with practical pipeline examples.

Using the Linux wc command to count lines, words, and bytes

Aug 30, 2026 • 8 min read

reboot Command in Linux: Restart with systemctl and shutdown -r

Three commands cover common Linux reboot scenarios: reboot for an immediate restart, systemctl reboot for the systemd path, and shutdown -r for scheduled restarts with user notifications.

Rebooting a Linux system from the command line using systemctl and shutdown

Aug 28, 2026 • 12 min read

Linux Kill Process: Stop Processes by PID or Name

Stop stuck programs in Linux with kill, killall, pkill, and xkill. Find the PID, send SIGTERM first, and use SIGKILL only when the process refuses to exit.