Practical Linux Tutorials and Command-Line Guides

Search hundreds of step-by-step tutorials for Bash, Ubuntu, networking, security, and more.

Featured Articles

Using the rsync command to sync files and directories in Linux

Feb 23, 2026 • 7 min read

Rsync Command in Linux with Examples

Learn how to use the rsync command to sync files and directories locally and remotely. Covers common options, remote transfers, dry run, exclusions, and troubleshooting.

Mar 11, 2026 • 9 min read

chown Command in Linux: Change File Ownership

Use the chown command in Linux to change file and directory ownership, including recursive changes, symbolic links, and practical ownership examples.

Using the curl command in Linux to transfer data and query APIs

Jul 12, 2026 • 11 min read

curl Command in Linux: Usage and Examples

The curl command transfers data to and from servers using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and other protocols. This guide covers downloads, headers, POST requests, verbose debugging, proxies, and API usage.

Linuxize Weekly Newsletter

A quick weekly roundup of new tutorials, news, and tips.

Latest Articles

View all articles

Jul 25, 2026 • 12 min read • series

How to Parse Command-Line Options in Bash with getopts

Parse short options in Bash scripts with getopts: option strings, OPTARG and OPTIND, silent error handling, long-option workarounds, and complete script examples.

Jul 25, 2026 • 7 min read • new

How to Find Which Process Is Using a Port in Linux

Find the Linux process listening on a TCP or UDP port with ss, lsof, fuser, or netstat, then inspect and stop it safely.

Finding the process that is listening on a network port in Linux

Jul 24, 2026 • 6 min read • new

CIDR Notation and Subnetting Explained

CIDR notation defines IP network size with a prefix length. This guide explains subnet masks, address ranges, host counts, and practical IPv4 subnetting.

CIDR prefix dividing an IPv4 address into network and host bits

Jul 23, 2026 • 8 min read • new • series

SSH Connection Refused: Causes and Fixes

Fix the SSH "Connection refused" error by checking the destination, listening port, OpenSSH service or socket, firewall rules, and port forwarding.

SSH connection stopped before reaching port 22 on a Linux server

Jul 23, 2026 • 7 min read

How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 26.04

Upgrade Ubuntu 25.10 or 24.04 LTS to Ubuntu 26.04 Resolute Raccoon, including the early command-line path before the 26.04.1 point release.

Jul 23, 2026 • 7 min read

How to Connect to a Docker Container

This guide explains how to connect to a running Docker container using docker exec and docker attach, with examples for getting a shell, running commands, and viewing logs.

Jul 22, 2026 • 4 min read • new

Dockerfile COPY vs ADD: Which to Use

Compare Dockerfile COPY and ADD for local files, build stages, remote URLs, Git repositories, and tar extraction, with clear guidance on when to use each.

Split comparison of Dockerfile COPY and ADD instructions moving source files into an image layer

Jul 22, 2026 • 5 min read

Linux uname Command: Print System Information

The uname command prints kernel name, version, architecture, and hostname. This guide covers all uname options with examples and practical scripting uses.

Using the uname command to print system information in Linux

Jul 21, 2026 • 8 min read

which Command in Linux: Find Executable Locations

Use the which command to locate executables in PATH, list every match, and check command availability. Compare which with command -v, type, and whereis.

Using the which command in Linux to find executable locations

Jul 21, 2026 • 6 min read

How to Set or Change the Time Zone in Linux

Check and change the Linux system time zone with timedatectl, choose the correct Region/City value, verify /etc/localtime, and handle non-systemd systems.