Articles by Dejan Panovski
Understanding the /etc/passwd File
The /etc/passwd file stores user account information on Linux. Each line contains seven colon-separated fields: username, password placeholder, UID, GID, GECOS, home directory, and login shell.
type Command in Linux: Show Command Type and Location
The type command shows whether a name is a shell builtin, alias, function, keyword, or executable file, and how the current shell resolves it.
How to Check Memory Usage in Linux
Step-by-step guide to checking RAM usage in Linux using free, top, /proc/meminfo, and ps_mem — with examples for megabytes, gigabytes, and per-process memory.
How to Enable SSH on Ubuntu
Enable SSH on Ubuntu by installing OpenSSH Server, starting the ssh service, allowing it through UFW, and connecting remotely from Linux, macOS, or Windows.
How to Allow Remote Connections to MySQL Database Server
Allow remote connections to MySQL or MariaDB by updating bind-address, granting access to a remote user, opening port 3306 in the firewall, and verifying the connection.
How to Read a File Line By Line in Bash
Read a file line by line in Bash using a while loop and the read command. This guide covers IFS splitting, processing command output, file descriptors, and common pitfalls.
Linux ip Command with Examples
A practical guide to the Linux ip command: show and configure network interfaces, assign IP addresses, manage routes, and inspect the ARP table with real examples.
Bash read Command
The Bash read command reads a line from standard input and splits it into variables. This guide covers IFS, prompts, silent input, timeouts, arrays, file reading, and practical script examples.
How to Edit Your Hosts File on Linux, Windows, and macOS
The hosts file maps domain names to IP addresses locally, overriding DNS. This guide explains how to edit /etc/hosts on Linux, macOS, and Windows with examples for testing, blocking, and local development.
How to Rename Files and Directories in Linux
Rename files and directories in Linux using mv for single renames and rename for batch filename changes, including extension changes, case conversion, and safe previews.
Using the SSH Config File
Set up the SSH client config file to manage multiple remote connections with custom hostnames, users, ports, keys, and jump hosts — all without long command-line flags.
How to Mount an NFS Share in Linux
Step-by-step instructions for mounting an NFS share in Linux: install the client, mount manually, persist with /etc/fstab, and troubleshoot common errors.
chown Command in Linux: Change File Ownership
Use the chown command in Linux to change file and directory ownership, including recursive changes, symbolic links, and practical ownership examples.
How to Check Python Version
How to check the Python version installed on Linux, macOS, or Windows using the command line, and how to check the version programmatically from within a Python script.
How to Change the Swappiness Value in Linux
Check and change the swappiness value in Linux with `sysctl`, including temporary and persistent methods and recommended values for desktops, servers, and database workloads.
How to Create a systemd Service File in Linux
Create a systemd service file in Linux with step-by-step instructions for unit file structure, service types, restart policies, and service management with systemctl.
How to Create Users in Linux (useradd Command)
Learn how to create and add users in Linux with the useradd command, including home directories, passwords, groups, shells, UIDs, and other common account options.
Bash Range: Sequence Expression Syntax and Examples
The Bash sequence expression generates a range of integers or characters using {START..END} syntax. This guide covers step increments, zero-padding, for loop usage, and how to handle variable ranges with seq.
last Command in Linux: Check Login History
Use the last command in Linux to check login history, filter sessions by user or date, and audit system access. Also covers lastb for failed logins and lastlog for per-user login records.
Linux Watch Command
Use the watch command in Linux to run commands at regular intervals and monitor output changes in the terminal. Includes interval, highlighting, pipes, and practical examples.
