Dejan Panovski

Articles by Dejan Panovski

Oct 10, 2026 • 11 min read • new • series

How to Use an SSH Jump Host with ProxyJump

Connect to private servers through an SSH jump host with ssh -J and ProxyJump. Configure keys, copy files, forward ports, and restrict the bastion account.

Laptop connected through an SSH jump host to two private servers

Oct 10, 2026 • 7 min read

exFAT on Linux: Mount and Use exFAT Drives on Ubuntu

Linux reads and writes exFAT through a built-in kernel driver. Mount exFAT USB drives and SD cards on Ubuntu, add an fstab entry, format with exfatprogs, and fix 'unknown filesystem type' errors.

Oct 10, 2026 • 12 min read • series

Bash if, elif, and else Statements: Syntax and Examples

Write Bash conditionals with if, if else, and elif blocks. Covers test operators, file checks, commands as conditions, && and || chains, and one-line if syntax.

Oct 9, 2026 • 8 min read

chattr Command in Linux: Change File Attributes

The chattr command changes file attributes in Linux. Make a file immutable with chattr +i, keep logs append-only with +a, and check flags with lsattr.

Oct 9, 2026 • 7 min read

tr Command in Linux: Translate, Delete, and Squeeze Characters

The tr command translates, deletes, and squeezes characters from standard input. This guide covers tr syntax, character sets and ranges, case conversion, removing line endings, and practical pipeline examples.

Using the Linux tr command to translate and delete characters

Oct 8, 2026 • 10 min read

Rsync Command in Linux with Examples

Use rsync to sync files and directories locally or over SSH. Covers common options, dry runs, exclusions, mirroring, and troubleshooting.

Using the rsync command to sync files and directories in Linux

Oct 8, 2026 • 13 min read

How to Build Docker Images with Dockerfile

Write a Dockerfile, build an image with docker build, and run it as a container. Includes an Ubuntu 26.04 example, the -f option, .dockerignore, and multi-stage builds.

Dockerfile example used to build a Docker image on Ubuntu

Oct 8, 2026 • 7 min read

How to Flush DNS Cache on Linux, Windows, macOS, and Chrome

Commands to flush the DNS cache on Linux (systemd-resolved, dnsmasq, nscd), Windows, and macOS, plus how to clear the Chrome and Firefox DNS cache.

Flushing the DNS cache on Linux, Windows, and macOS

Oct 8, 2026 • 11 min read

find Command in Linux: Search Files and Directories

The find command searches for files and directories by name, type, size, date, permissions, and more. This guide covers practical examples including wildcards, exec actions, and combining find with grep.

Using the find command to search for files and directories in Linux

Oct 7, 2026 • 10 min read • new • series

Bash Pattern Matching: =~ Operator and Regular Expressions

Match strings in Bash with globs, extglob, and the =~ regex operator. Use anchors, quoting, and BASH_REMATCH to test input and capture groups.

Bash terminal with the =~ operator, a *.log pattern, and a matching server.log filename

Oct 7, 2026 • 6 min read

unlink Command in Linux: Remove a Single File

Remove one file or symlink with unlink. See how it differs from rm, how hard links affect deletion, and how to fix common errors.

Using the Linux unlink command to remove a file from the command line

Oct 7, 2026 • 9 min read

How to Extract (Unzip) tar.gz Files in Linux

Extract (untar) tar.gz and tgz archives with the tar command. Covers extracting to a directory, pulling specific files, wildcards, stdin piping, and listing archive contents.

Extracting tar.gz files in Linux with the tar command

Oct 6, 2026 • 5 min read

How to Convert Integer into String in Python

Convert an int to a str in Python with str(), f-strings, and format(), add leading zeros, build binary or hex strings, and join a list of numbers.

Oct 6, 2026 • 5 min read

How to Convert Strings to Integers in Python

Convert strings to integers in Python with int(), handle invalid input, remove separators, and parse binary, octal, and hexadecimal values.

Oct 6, 2026 • 14 min read • new

How to Resize and Extend a Linux Partition and Filesystem

Extend a Linux partition and grow ext4, XFS, Btrfs, or LVM storage after a disk resize, with layout checks, safe ext4 shrink steps, and troubleshooting.

Partition and filesystem layers expanding into free space in a storage tray

Oct 5, 2026 • 14 min read

Linux ip Command with Examples

How to use the Linux ip command to show and assign IP addresses, bring interfaces up or down, and manage routes, with ip a and ip -br output explained.

Oct 5, 2026 • 9 min read • series

chown Command in Linux: Change File Ownership

Use the chown command in Linux to change file and directory ownership, including recursive changes, symbolic links, and practical ownership examples.

Oct 5, 2026 • 7 min read

How to Create a Directory in Linux: mkdir Command Examples

Create single, multiple, and nested directories in Linux with mkdir, set permissions with -m, and fix 'Permission denied' and 'No such file or directory' errors.

Creating directories in Linux with the mkdir command

Oct 4, 2026 • 10 min read • new

sqlite3 Command Line: Create and Query SQLite Databases

Create and query SQLite databases with sqlite3 on Linux. Import CSV files, format query results, and back up or restore your data.

SQLite database file labeled tasks.db with a SELECT query and a table of rows

Oct 4, 2026 • 11 min read

How to Check CPU Usage in Linux

This guide explains how to check CPU usage in Linux with top, htop, mpstat, vmstat, sar, ps, uptime, and per-core load tools.

Checking CPU usage in Linux with terminal monitoring tools