Articles by Dejan Panovski
Nginx Reverse Proxy: How to Configure proxy_pass and Headers
Configure Nginx as a reverse proxy with proxy_pass and proxy_set_header, including client IP forwarding, websockets, TLS termination, and common fixes.
less Command in Linux: Navigate and Search Files
How to use the less command in Linux to view files page by page, search for text, follow log files in real time, and navigate with vi-style key bindings.
How to Change User Password in Ubuntu
Change a user password in Ubuntu from the command line with passwd, or through the GNOME Settings app. Covers your own account and other users.
Docker: List Running and Stopped Containers
Use docker container ls and docker ps to list running and stopped containers, print names and IDs, filter results, and check Docker Compose projects.
passwd Command in Linux: Change User Passwords
Change your own, another user's, or the root password in Linux with the passwd command. Covers password expiry with chage, forcing a change at next login, and account locking.
tree Command in Linux: Display Directory Structure
The tree command lists directories recursively as an indented tree. This guide covers installation, depth limits, filtering, sizes, and saving the output.
How to Read a File Line By Line in Bash
Read a file line by line in Bash using a while loop and the read command. This guide covers IFS splitting, mapfile arrays, command output, and common pitfalls.
How to Encrypt and Decrypt Files with GPG
Encrypt files with GPG using a passphrase or a key pair, share encrypted files with other people, protect whole directories, and decrypt safely in scripts.
curl Command in Linux: Usage and Examples
The curl command transfers data to and from servers using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and other protocols. This guide covers downloads, headers, POST requests, verbose debugging, proxies, and API usage.
nohup Command in Linux: Background Jobs and Output
nohup keeps commands running after logout. The 'appending output to nohup.out' message is not an error. This guide covers background jobs, 2>&1 redirection, and stopping processes.
tmux Command in Linux: Sessions, Windows, and Panes
The tmux command lets you run persistent terminal sessions with multiple windows and panes. This guide covers creating and managing sessions, splitting panes, copy mode, and configuration.
strace Command in Linux: Trace System Calls
Use the strace command to trace system calls and signals on Linux, debug why a program fails, find missing files, and measure where a process spends its time.
Debian vs Ubuntu Server: Which One Should You Use?
Side-by-side comparison of Debian and Ubuntu Server covering release cycles, package freshness, security, cloud support, and ease of setup to help you pick the right one.
apt vs apt-get: The Difference and When to Use Each
apt and apt-get are not the same tool: apt is built for interactive terminal use, apt-get for scripts and automation. Compare their commands and see when to use each.
How to Manage Node.js Processes with PM2
How to install PM2, run and manage Node.js processes with clustering, zero-downtime reloads, log rotation, and systemd integration that survives reboots.
How to Check Your Ubuntu Version
Check which Ubuntu version you are running with lsb_release, /etc/os-release, or hostnamectl, plus a current release list up to Ubuntu 26.04 LTS.
Bash Parameter Expansion: Defaults, Substrings, and Replacement
Bash parameter expansion handles default values, substrings, string length, pattern trimming, search and replace, and case conversion, all inside the shell.
htop Command in Linux: How to Monitor and Manage Processes
Monitor Linux processes in real time with htop: read CPU and memory meters, sort and filter the process list, and kill or renice processes from one screen.
How to Concatenate Strings in Bash
Concatenate strings in Bash by placing variables side by side, appending with the += operator, or formatting with printf -v. Includes examples for variables, literals, and command output.
smartctl Command in Linux: Check Disk Health with SMART
Use smartctl in Linux to check SMART health, read disk attributes, run self-tests, troubleshoot USB enclosures, and monitor NVMe wear.
