All Articles

Browse all Linuxize tutorials, guides, and references.

Oct 16, 2026 • 10 min read • series

Bash Heredoc: Complete Guide with Examples

Bash heredoc lets you pass multi-line text directly to a command inside a shell script. This guide covers syntax, variable expansion, indentation with <<-, SSH usage, and common mistakes.

Oct 16, 2026 • 11 min read • series

Bash Functions

How to define and use Bash functions, pass arguments, return values, and apply best practices for writing cleaner and more maintainable scripts.

Oct 15, 2026 • 8 min read

touch Command in Linux: Create Files and Update Timestamps

The touch command creates empty files and updates file timestamps in Linux. This guide covers access time, modification time, custom timestamps, and reference file usage.

Using the Linux touch command to create files and update timestamps

Oct 15, 2026 • 8 min read

How to Force git pull to Overwrite Local Files

Replace a local Git branch with its remote version safely using fetch and reset, with backup steps for commits, modified files, and untracked files.

Force a local Git branch to match the remote branch

Oct 14, 2026 • 9 min read

How to Use Linux Screen

Keep commands running after you disconnect from SSH with GNU Screen. Start, detach, reattach, list, and kill sessions, plus windows, scrollback, and .screenrc.

GNU Screen terminal multiplexer managing multiple sessions in Linux

Oct 14, 2026 • 8 min read

git switch: Switch and Create Branches

Switch Git branches, create new branches, track remote branches, and handle uncommitted changes with practical git switch examples.

A HEAD marker moving between two Git branch tracks with the git switch command

Oct 14, 2026 • 10 min read

tmux Command in Linux: Sessions, Windows, and Panes

The tmux command lets you run persistent terminal sessions with multiple windows and panes. This guide covers creating and managing sessions, splitting panes, copy mode, and configuration.

Using tmux to manage terminal sessions, windows, and panes in Linux

Oct 14, 2026 • 8 min read

How to Use Nano, the Linux Command Line Text Editor

Learn the essential nano commands and keyboard shortcuts: open, save, and exit files, search and replace text, copy and paste, and use sudo nano to edit system files.

Oct 12, 2026 • 9 min read • series

Bash Comparison Operators: Equal, Not Equal, Greater Than

Compare numbers and strings in Bash with -eq, -ne, -gt, == and !=. Covers not equal checks, greater-than tests, and when to use [ ], [[ ]], or (( )).

Bash comparison operators used in shell conditionals

Oct 12, 2026 • 6 min read

Hard Link vs Symbolic Link in Linux: Symlinks and Inodes Explained

Symlink vs hard link in Linux: a hard link is a second name for the same inode, and a symlink stores a path to another file. See when each one breaks and which to use.

Comparing hard links and symbolic links in Linux with inodes

Oct 12, 2026 • 10 min read

Best Terminal File Managers for Linux

Compare Midnight Commander, Yazi, ranger, lf, and nnn, with installation commands, screenshots, and practical advice for choosing a Linux terminal file manager.

Two terminal file browser panes with folders and a file being copied between them

Oct 11, 2026 • 11 min read • series

Bash Strict Mode: set -euo pipefail Explained

A practical guide to Bash strict mode: how set -e, set -u, set -o pipefail, and IFS change script behavior, why they catch silent failures, and when to turn them off.

Enabling Bash strict mode with set -euo pipefail at the top of a shell script

Oct 10, 2026 • 11 min read • series

How to Use an SSH Jump Host with ProxyJump

Connect to private servers through an SSH jump host with ssh -J and ProxyJump. Configure keys, copy files, forward ports, and restrict the bastion account.

Laptop connected through an SSH jump host to two private servers

Oct 10, 2026 • 7 min read

exFAT on Linux: Mount and Use exFAT Drives on Ubuntu

Linux reads and writes exFAT through a built-in kernel driver. Mount exFAT USB drives and SD cards on Ubuntu, add an fstab entry, format with exfatprogs, and fix 'unknown filesystem type' errors.

Oct 10, 2026 • 12 min read • series

Bash if, elif, and else Statements: Syntax and Examples

Write Bash conditionals with if, if else, and elif blocks. Covers test operators, file checks, commands as conditions, && and || chains, and one-line if syntax.

Oct 9, 2026 • 8 min read

chattr Command in Linux: Change File Attributes

The chattr command changes file attributes in Linux. Make a file immutable with chattr +i, keep logs append-only with +a, and check flags with lsattr.

Oct 9, 2026 • 7 min read

tr Command in Linux: Translate, Delete, and Squeeze Characters

The tr command translates, deletes, and squeezes characters from standard input. This guide covers tr syntax, character sets and ranges, case conversion, removing line endings, and practical pipeline examples.

Using the Linux tr command to translate and delete characters

Oct 8, 2026 • 10 min read

Rsync Command in Linux with Examples

Use rsync to sync files and directories locally or over SSH. Covers common options, dry runs, exclusions, mirroring, and troubleshooting.

Using the rsync command to sync files and directories in Linux

Oct 8, 2026 • 13 min read

How to Build Docker Images with Dockerfile

Write a Dockerfile, build an image with docker build, and run it as a container. Includes an Ubuntu 26.04 example, the -f option, .dockerignore, and multi-stage builds.

Dockerfile example used to build a Docker image on Ubuntu

Oct 8, 2026 • 7 min read

How to Flush DNS Cache on Linux, Windows, macOS, and Chrome

Commands to flush the DNS cache on Linux (systemd-resolved, dnsmasq, nscd), Windows, and macOS, plus how to clear the Chrome and Firefox DNS cache.

Flushing the DNS cache on Linux, Windows, and macOS