All Articles

Browse all Linuxize tutorials, guides, and references.

Jun 6, 2026 • 8 min read

How to Use OpenSSL: Generate Keys, Certificates, and Test TLS

Practical OpenSSL guide for Linux: generate private keys, create CSRs and self-signed certificates, convert formats, inspect certificates, and test TLS connections.

Generating keys and certificates with OpenSSL in a Linux terminal

Jun 5, 2026 • 7 min read

npm Command: Install and Manage Node.js Packages

This npm command guide covers project setup, local and global package installs, npm ci, updates, dependency removal, scripts, and one-off package runs.

Managing Node.js packages with the npm command in a Linux terminal

Jun 4, 2026 • 6 min read

Fix "sudo: command not found" on Linux

How to fix the 'sudo: command not found' error on Linux by installing the sudo package, adding your user to the right group, and recovering from a broken PATH.

Fixing the sudo command not found error on Linux

Jun 3, 2026 • 10 min read

Podman vs Docker: Differences and Migration Guide

This guide compares Podman and Docker across architecture, rootless containers, systemd integration, Compose workflows, image builds, and migration planning.

Jun 3, 2026 • 10 min read

How to Back Up and Restore MySQL Databases with Mysqldump

Step-by-step guide to backing up and restoring MySQL and MariaDB databases using the mysqldump utility. Covers single and full backups, compressed backups, restoring dumps, and automating backups with cron.

Backing up and restoring MySQL databases with mysqldump from the command line

Jun 2, 2026 • 5 min read

chgrp Command in Linux: Change File Group Ownership

The chgrp command changes the group ownership of files and directories in Linux. This guide covers syntax, recursive changes, symlink handling, and practical examples.

Using the chgrp command to change group ownership in Linux

Jun 1, 2026 • 6 min read

dpkg Command in Linux: Install and Manage Debian Packages

Use dpkg to install, remove, query, and inspect Debian packages on Ubuntu, Debian, and other Debian-based distributions.

dpkg package management cards for installing, querying, and removing deb packages

May 31, 2026 • 4 min read • series

How to Pass Arguments to a Bash Script

This guide explains how to pass arguments to Bash scripts, read positional parameters, loop over $@, set defaults, validate input, and parse flags with getopts.

Bash script arguments represented as connected command-line parameters

May 30, 2026 • 7 min read

tr Command in Linux: Translate, Delete, and Squeeze Characters

The tr command translates, deletes, and squeezes characters from standard input. This guide covers tr syntax, character sets and ranges, case conversion, removing line endings, and practical pipeline examples.

Using the Linux tr command to translate and delete characters

May 30, 2026 • 9 min read

iptables Command in Linux: Manage Firewall Rules

Manage Linux firewall rules with iptables. This guide covers tables and chains, listing rules, allowing and blocking ports and IP addresses, setting default policies, and saving rules across reboots.

Using iptables to manage firewall rules in Linux

May 28, 2026 • 7 min read • series

Bash while Loop: Syntax and Examples

Bash while loop syntax and examples: infinite loops, reading files line by line, arithmetic conditions, and the break and continue statements.

May 28, 2026 • 4 min read • series

Bash: Check if String Contains Substring

Four ways to check if a string contains a substring in Bash: wildcard matching, the case statement, the regex operator, and grep. Includes examples and a Quick Reference.

Checking if a string contains a substring in Bash

May 28, 2026 • 7 min read

Network Bandwidth Monitoring Tools: iftop, nload, bmon, and vnstat

Compare nload, iftop, bmon, and vnstat for checking Linux network bandwidth in real time and tracking historical traffic usage.

Command-line network bandwidth monitoring tools on Linux: iftop, nload, bmon, and vnstat

May 27, 2026 • 7 min read

Bash set Command: set -e, set -x, and set -u Explained

How the bash set builtin changes shell behavior, with practical examples of set -e to exit on errors, set -u to catch unset variables, set -x to trace execution, and pipefail.

Bash set command options set -e, set -u, and set -x explained

May 27, 2026 • 6 min read

localhost: 127.0.0.1 and Loopback Explained

Localhost is the hostname for your own computer. This guide explains how localhost, 127.0.0.1, ::1, loopback, /etc/hosts, and 0.0.0.0 work on Linux and other systems.

What is localhost and how the loopback interface works

May 26, 2026 • 10 min read

ripgrep Command in Linux: Fast Recursive Search

The ripgrep command searches directories recursively while respecting ignore files. This guide explains rg syntax, file type filters, context lines, replacement previews, and config defaults.

ripgrep command searching files recursively in a Linux terminal

May 25, 2026 • 8 min read

nslookup Command in Linux: Query DNS Records

The nslookup command queries DNS servers for domain records. This guide covers A, MX, NS, TXT, and AAAA lookups, reverse DNS, interactive mode, and choosing a specific name server.